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PHYS 0106 (Spring, 2001) Earth History Timeline |
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| Phanerozoic Eon: Mesozoic Era: Cretaceous Period | |||
Timeline Links Phanerozoic Neoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic Archean Other Links Historical Geology Page Physical Geology Page Mike's Home Page |
Writer/Researcher: John Cloutier Editor: Nancy Sacchetti Web Page Builder: John Cloutier Triceratops was a rhinoceros-like dinosaur that lived in the late Cretaceous period, about 65-70 million years ago. It was among the last of the dinosaurs species to evolve, and one of the last species to become extinct, before the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. It has one short horn above its parrot-like beak and two longer horns, about a meter in length, above its eyes that provide good protection from predators. When a predator approaches a modern day rhino, it charges at them. This is probably the same method that the Triceratops used. Triceratops had one of the largest skulls, up to ten feet long, of any land animal ever dicovered. Its head was one-third the length on its body.
The Triceratops had a mysterious feature located on its head. It was called a frill. It was probably not used to attract mates. Many people originally thought that the frill was used for protection. This was probably not the case because the frill was very porous. The frill was probably used to make the animal bigger, serving as a form of intimidation. The holes in the frill were used to make the frill lighter, taking stress of the animals neck. As it turns out the frill was probably used as a heat radiator. Reese Barrick, who measured oxygen isotope levels in different parts of the Triceratops body, including the frill, found evidence to support this. Oxygen comes in two forms, oxygen 18, which tends to be attracted to cold, and oxygen 16, which tends to be attracted to heat. The horns were rich in oxygen 18 as well as were the feet. The sample taken from the body was rich in oxygen 16. This made sense because the body was very hot while the animal was alive. The frill had oxygen 16 in the middle, but had oxygen 18 on the outside. This suggests that the heat rose up into the frill, and then was released through the holes at the end.
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